Melanotan 2 Source

Melanotan 2 References: The Cited Studies & Case Reports

The literature

Every quantitative claim on this Melanotan 2 site maps to a numbered source below. Links resolve to PubMed. Where a finding rests on a case report, that is stated on the page — case reports describe single patients and cannot establish how common an effect is. The full list follows.

  1. Dorr RT, Lines R, Levine N, Brooks C, Xiang L, Hruby VJ, Hadley ME. Evaluation of melanotan-II, a superpotent cyclic melanotropic peptide in a pilot phase-I clinical study. Life Sci. 1996;58(20):1777-1784. ↗
  2. Wessells H, Fuciarelli K, Hansen J, Hadley ME, Hruby VJ, Dorr R, Levine N. Synthetic melanotropic peptide initiates erections in men with psychogenic erectile dysfunction: double-blind, placebo controlled crossover study. J Urol. 1998;160(2):389-393. ↗
  3. Minakova E, et al. Melanotan-II reverses autistic features in a maternal immune activation mouse model of autism. PLoS One. 2019;14(1):e0210389. ↗
  4. Peters B, Hadimeri H, Wahlberg R, Afghahi H. Melanotan II: a possible cause of renal infarction: review of the literature and case report. CEN Case Rep. 2020;9(2):159-161. ↗
  5. Eliason NL, Martin L, Low MJ, Sharpe AL. Melanocortin receptor agonist melanotan-II microinjected in the nucleus accumbens decreases appetitive and consumptive responding for food. Neuropeptides. 2022;96:102289. ↗
  6. Hadley ME, Dorr RT. Melanocortin peptide therapeutics: historical milestones, clinical studies and commercialization. Peptides. 2006;27(4):921-930. ↗
  7. Ter Laak MP, Brakkee JH, Adan RA, Hamers FP, Gispen WH. The potent melanocortin receptor agonist melanotan-II promotes peripheral nerve regeneration and has neuroprotective properties in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol. 2003;462(1-3):179-183. ↗
  8. Paiva L, Sabatier N, Leng G, Ludwig M. Effect of Melanotan-II on Brain Fos Immunoreactivity and Oxytocin Neuronal Activity and Secretion in Rats. J Neuroendocrinol. 2017;29(2):e12454. ↗
  9. Borie AM, et al. Melanocortin agonism in a social context selectively activates nucleus accumbens in an oxytocin-dependent manner. Neuropharmacology. 2024;109848. ↗
  10. Melanotan-associated melanoma. [Case report]. 2011. ↗
  11. Eruptive dysplastic nevi following melanotan use. [Case report]. 2012. ↗
  12. Manchenko DM, et al. Antidepressant-like and antistress effects of the ACTH(4-10) synthetic analogs Semax and Melanotan II on male rats in a model of chronic unpredictable stress. Eur J Pharmacol. 2024;177068. ↗
  13. Dermoscopic changes in melanocytic nevi during use of melanotan II. [Case report]. 2012. ↗
  14. Changes of melanocytic lesions induced by Melanotan injections and sun bed use in a teenage patient with FAMMM syndrome. [Case report]. 2012. ↗
  15. Melanotan-associated melanoma in situ. [Case report]. 2012. ↗
  16. Melanotan II injection resulting in systemic toxicity and rhabdomyolysis. [Case report]. 2012. ↗
  17. Melanotan II overdose associated with priapism. [Case report]. 2013. ↗
  18. Melanotan Tanning Injection: A Rare Cause of Priapism. [Case report]. 2021. ↗
  19. Melanotan and the posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. [Case report]. 2013. ↗
  20. Hemodynamic actions and mechanisms of systemically administered alpha-MSH analogs in mice. 2012. ↗
  21. Systemic but not central nervous system nitric oxide synthase inhibition exacerbates the hypertensive effects of chronic melanocortin-3/4 receptor activation. 2011. ↗
  22. Identification and characterization by LC-UV-MS/MS of melanotan II skin-tanning products sold illegally on the Internet. 2015. ↗
  23. LC-HRMS characterization of the skin pigmentation and sexual enhancers melanotan II and bremelanotide sold on the black market of performance and image enhancing drugs. 2021. ↗
  24. Barbie drug identification: Not a child's play. 2024. ↗
  25. Risks of unregulated use of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogues: a review. 2017. ↗
  26. The unregulated use of melanotan-II is of public health interest to Australian dermatologists. 2017. ↗
  27. Afamelanotide for Erythropoietic Protoporphyria. 2015. ↗
  28. PT-141: a melanocortin agonist for the treatment of sexual dysfunction. 2003. ↗
  29. Discovery and development of novel melanogenic drugs. Melanotan-I and -II. 1998. ↗
  30. Change in moles linked to use of unlicensed "sun tan jab". 2009. ↗
  31. Bonchev A. Changes in Oral Mucosa Associated with Melanotan II Injections: A Case Report. Life (Basel). 2026;16(2):265. ↗